Internal-combustion engine



Aug. 7, 1945. A. P. MANSOFF 2,381,832

' INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed may s, 1943 s/xive @omeg PatentedAug. 7, 1945 FFHCE mTaaNAL-cotmris'moN ancm Arthur Percival M nson,Dauphin, Manitoba,

(fans/d Application Ma s, 1943, Serial No. 486,125

Claims.

-. ing bywhich air under pressure is introduced to the cylinder anddirected to obtain a thorough discharge of the waste gases.

Additionally in'the art air introduced to the I cylinders for formingthe charge is normally under atmosphere pressure only. It has beenproposed in various ways to increase the pressure obtainable eitherbyuse of high compression, as in the-poppet valve engine, or bysupercharging.

' The within invention provides improvement in the charge by introducingair under pressure to the cylinder by a simplified form ofsuperchargihg.

One of the objects of the invention is accordingly to provide improvedscavenging means for the cylinder of an internal combustion engine bywhich air under pressure is introduced to the cylinder at the conclusionof the power stroke to effect discharge of the waste products ofcombustion through a simultaneously uncovered outlet port.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for s0 directingthe incoming scavenging air as to ensure complete elimination-of wastegases.

A still further object of the invention is to provide improved andsimplified means for preparing and introducing a charge under pressureto the cylinder in advance of the compression stroke of the enginepiston.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent byreference to the accompanying description taken in conjunction with thedrawing wherein:

Fig. 1 is a side view in elevation of an engine cylinder and piston withassociated elements of which the cylinder and certain parts are invertical section.

I Fig. 2 is a detail view of apart of the engine shown partly brokenaway and partly in vertical section and providing details of theinjector mixer valve, heated vaporizer and check valve.

Having reference to the drawing l indicates an engine cylinder which inthe present showing is somewhat elongated to accommodate a pistonMounted for reciprocation within the cylinder l is a piston assemblythat includes a main piston 4 formed with a solid head on each end. Thepiston t is drilled and tapped for mounting a piston rod 5 that isthreaded through top and bottom of the piston and secured by a screw 6through the head of the piston countersunk therein. The piston rod 5includes an integral enlarged section I forming a smaller intermediatepiston reciprocating within a complementary bore in a solid center block8 of the cylinder l. The piston section I is provided with sealing ringsas in ordinary piston construction.

' In the cylinder l, below the block 8, is formed a further compressionchamber in which is mounted a secondary piston 9 secured to the lowerend of piston rod 5, the piston rod having a tapered portion It! forseating against a'complemen tary opening in the piston 9, andterminating in a threaded end II for receipt of a locking nut l2.

It will be seen that the cylinder I with its integral block 8 isdesigned as a unit providing two compression chambers, one above theblock 8 and the other below said block; the compression chamber abovethe block is further divided into two compression areas by reason of thepiston l being closed at the ends, there being a combustion area betweenthe piston and cylinder head in which the charge is compressed andfired, and a compression area between-the piston and block 8 in whichair for the charge is compressed preliminary to forming the charge.

The secondary piston 9 conforms generally to the ordinary piston incommon use and is provided with the usual connecting rod I3 andassociated pin and crank connections as indicated. There is included ashaft M for the electric distributor and pump, the shaft l4 beingmounted in a bracket I5 power stroke. For this I provide a pipe IS inwhich air 'from the lower section of the cylinder compressed by theupward stroke of secondary piston 9 is held by a check valve H. Theupper end of the pipe l6 discharges into the upper section of thecylinder, designated by numeral I8, and is normally closed by the mainpiston 4 to be uncovered at the approximate termination of the downstroke of the piston and to allow the pock- 'eted air to enter to enterthe cylinder section l8 and displace the waste gases which aredischarged through an exhaust pipe I9.

In order to direct the incoming scavenging air from pipe IS a lip 20 isprovided on the piston 4 in opposing relation to the upper port frompipe l6. 'I'hislip is adapted to direct the incoming air from pipe I6upwards to clear the upper portion of the cylinder of waste gases.

During the downward movement of. piston 4 air iscompressed in the lowerportion of the upper cylinder, indicated by numeral 2|, and in the boreof block 8. The cylinder bore in block 8 has an outlet conduit 22discharging through a pipe 23 into the upper cylinder section l8. Aircompressed by cylinder 4 in chamber 2| is stored in the bore of block 9,this bore being evacuated by descent of piston When the upper .end ofpiston I uncovers the outlet through pipe 22 the air compressed andstored in the bore of block 8 is released for discharge.

In the pipe 23 is interposed an injector mixer valve and chamber 24 withfuel inlet 25 where the charge is formed to be passed through an exhaust heated'vaporizer 26 to discharge into the cylinder section l8where it impinges on lip 20 for distribution. For the injector mixervalve a, chamber 29 provides a float chamber 30 into which fuel inlet 25discharges and in which a float 3| is hinged in relation to the inlet ofa valve chamber 32, fuel from which is sprayed into the main body ofchamber 29 under control of a needle valve 33. Discharge from pipe 23passes outlet 22.

compressed into pipe |6 through check valve il until required on thenext down stroke for scavenging the chamber l8.

The return movement of piston I closes the The vacuum created in chamber2| by the upward movement of piston 4 is relieved when the inlet 21 isuncovered.

into the main body of the chamber 29 to be mixed with the atomized fuelfrom the chamber 32 and discharged therefrom through the vaporizer 26into cylinder section l8.

There is further provided in the cylinde I an air inlet port 21 for thesection 2| and an inlet port 28 for the lower cylinder section. In theoperation of the engine, in the down or power stroke of the pistonassembly the air inlet port 21 is first covered by piston 4 and air inthe cylinder section 2| is compressed, the bore of block 8 providing astorage chamber for the compressed air.

Continued downward movement of the piston assembly uncovers exhaust port|9 to allow the waste gases in cylinder section l8 to escape.Immediately following this the piston 4 uncovers the inlet port frompipe Hi to allow air stored therein under pressure from the previousupward stroke to escape into the cylinder section l8 and drive I thewaste gases out through port l9, this action being assisted by thedeflection of the air from pipe l6 by lip 20. Compression of air withinpipe IS on the up stroke of the assembly is hereinafter described.

Following the scavenging action the outlet port 22 is uncovered bypiston section 1 which is moving downward in conformity with movement ofpiston 4. This allows air compressed in the lower cylinder section andstored in the bore of block 8 to enter pipe 23 and after passage throughmixer valve chamber 24 enters the upper cylinder section l8. This air isunder pressure and while some pressure may be relieved before closure ofport I9 a considerable pressure will be maintained.

During the downward stroke of the piston assembly a vacuum is formed inthe lower cylinder section until released by inlet port 28. On theupward stroke of the piston assembly the air is .The piston movementherein described permits of a two cycle engine performing the functionsnormally carried out by a four cycle movement since the scavenging isaccomplished without any extra piston movement. In addition the chargein the cylinder is under pressure in advance of the pressure stroke ofthe piston so that greatly increased compression is obtainable.

While I have herein shown in the drawing bare essentials forillustrating and describing the improvements contemplated it is to beunderstood that the necessary associated parts common in the art wouldbe added in the construction of a working engine including oil pump,generator and other elements. I

The within showing is to be taken as a preferred embodiment of myinvention but itis obvious that changes in construction of par-ts andelements would be permissible within the scope of the invention asdefined in the appended claims.

What I claim and wish to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder providing inlet andexhaust ports, a piston mounted forreciprocation in the cylinder, saidpiston being closed at the ends, a connecting rod for the piston, a,block in the cylinder, said block providing a bore for travel of theconnecting rod, and said block being spaced from the cylinder head toprovide compression areas above and below the piston, means providingcommunication from the lower to the upper of said comprescommunicatingmeans,

2. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder providing inlet andexhaust ports, a piston for reciprocation in the cylinder, said pistonbeing closed at the ends, a connecting rod for the piston and anintegral piston section on the connecting rod, a block in the cylinderspaced to provide for compression areas above and below the piston, saidblock providing a bore for reciprocation of the piston section on theconnecting rod, a pipe providing communication between the cylinderblock bore and the upper compression area of the cylinder, and chargeforming means for the P 1 8.

3. In an internal combustion-engine, a cylinder providing inlet andexhaust ports, a piston for reciprocation in the cylinder, said pistonbeing closed at the ends, a connecting rod for the piston and anintegral piston section on the connecting rod, a block in the cylinderproviding a bore for reciprocation of the connecting rod piston section,said block being spaced from the ,cylinder head to provide forcompression areas above and below the piston, a pipe providingcommunication between the cylinder block bore and the upper compressionarea, charge forming means in the pipe a secondary piston on theconnecting rod below the block and forming a, compression chamber inconjunction therewith, a scavenging pipe between said last mentionedcompression chamber and the upper compression area, and valve means forthe scavenging pipe.

4. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder, 9, block dividing thecylinder to form compres- Mon chambers, one above and one below theblock,

a piston assembly for reciprocation in the cylinder, said assemblyproviding a main piston for operation in the compression chamber abovethe block, and a secondary piston for operation in the compressionchamber below the block, and a rod connecting the pistons, the blockbeing bored for travel of said rod, a scavenging pipe providingcommunication between the cylinder chambers above the pistons, theoutlet for said pipe being located to be uncovered at the terminationotthe power stroke of the main piston, and a check valve in thescavengin pipe by which air compressed by the secondary piston may bestored in the scavenging pipe for discharge into the cylinder chambersfor the main piston.

- 5. In an intemai combustion engine Providing a cylinder with pistonfor reciprocation therein, and a connecting rod for thepiston, a blockin the cylinder located in relation to the piston and cylinder head toprovide for compression areas above and below the piston, said blockbeing bored to form a chamber for storage oi air compressed in the lowercompression area, a piston on the connecting rod forming a movableclosure in the block bore, and a communicating pipe between the blockbore and upper compression area.

ARTHUR P. MANSON.

